Author Archives: Tejas Tapse

1 Diagrammatic representation of hormones produced in Human body Diagrammatic representation of the various endocrine hormones produced by the glands and tissues in a human body. 2 Hormones in animals Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.e.g. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta-cells of theContinue reading “Chemical Control And Integration-Quick Revision”

1 Nerve cell The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It consists of three parts-1. Dendrites: Dendrites are branched cytoplasmic projections from the cell body. The dendritic tip of the nerve cells receive impulses and sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse which is further transmitted to the cellContinue reading “Neural Control And Coordination-Quick Revision”

1 Cellular movement The cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movement such as:- 1. Amoeboid movement- Some special cells such as macrophages and leucocytes in blood exhibit amoeboid movement. During this movement, microfilament is involved.2. Ciliary movement- Organs which are lined by ciliated epithelium exhibits such type of movement e.g., respiratoryContinue reading “Locomotion And Movement-Quick Revision”

1 Modes of Excretion 1) Ammonotelism – The mode of excretion in which elimination of nitrogenous waste (excretory product) is mainly in the form of ammonia is called ammonotelism. Ammonia is highly toxic and water-soluble. It requires a large amount of water for elimination.  The animals that follow this mode of excretion are known as ammonotelic animals.Continue reading “Excretory Products And Their Elimination-Quick Revision”

1 Difference between RBC, WBC, and Platelets Features RBC WBC Platelets Name  Erythrocytes Leucocytes Thrombocytes Colour  Red Colourless Colourless Formation Liver, spleen (embryonic life), red bone marrow (adult life) Red bone marrow and lymphatic system Red bone marrow Size  6-8 μm 12 to 15 μm Smaller than RBC Shape Biconcave Irregular Disc-shaped Numberper microlitre of blood 5-5.5Continue reading “Body Fluids And Circulation-Quick Revision”

1 Human respiratory system 1. Human respiratory system helps to inhale the respiratory gas which is distributed by all through the body and the carbon dioxide is exhaled.2. The nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, alveoli and lungs are the part of human respiratory system. 2 Difference between inspiration and expiration Part of the respiratory system   Inspiration Expiration Diaphragm Contracts andContinue reading “Breathing And Exchange Of Gases-Quick Revision”

1 Human digestive system 1. The human digestive system helps in digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.2. The alimentary canal is divided into buccal cavity, food pipe, stomach, accessory organs, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. 2 Gastrin Gastrin is released from the mucosa of pyloric (stomach) and targets the stomach. It is stimulatedContinue reading “Digestion And Absorption-Quick Revision”

1 Differentiation 1. In this process, cells derived from root apical and shoot apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. 2 Dedifferentiation 1. Process in which living differentiated cells regain their capacity to divide. 3 Methods for growth measurement Growth can be measured in terms of1. Increase in the length orContinue reading “Plant Growth And Development-Quick Revision”

1 Cellular respiration Cellular respiration is the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and cells or within the cell. It is the biochemical pathway to release energy. 2 Respiration in plants 1. The plants respire with the help of small pores which are present on the leaf.2. These pores are known asContinue reading “Respiration In Plants-Quick Revision”

1 Recall the history of photosynthesis Many scientists have contributed to understanding how plants carry out photosynthesis. These are as follows:1. Van Helmont (1648) concluded that all food of the plant is derived from water and not from the soil.2. Stephen Hales (Father of Plant Physiology) (1727) reported that plants obtain a part of theirContinue reading “Photosynthesis In Higher Plants-Quick Revision”

1 Macronutrients 1. Nutrients that are required in large quantities are called macronutrients. 2. Primary (macro) nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are the most frequently required in a crop fertilization program. Also, they need the greatest total quantity by plants as fertilizer. 2 Micronutrients 1. The nutrients which are required in small quantities areContinue reading “Mineral Nutrition-Quick Revision”

1 Diffusion 1. Diffusion refers to the process by which molecules of matters move from high concentration towards the low concentration.2. For example, when a sugar cube is dropped in a glass of water the particles of sugar mixes up in the water as they move from higher concentration of sugar cube towards the lower concentrationContinue reading “Transport In Plants-Quick Revision”

1 Structure of cell cycle 2 Factors controlling cell division Factors controlling cell division are as follows:1. Cell size2. Karyoplasmic ratio3. Mitogens 3 Mitosis 4 Prophase 1 In Prophase 1 of meiosis, Chromosomes become shorter and thicker, clearly visible in a microscope. The nucleus disappears during this phase. It has five phases- 1. Leptotene – The chromosomes condenseContinue reading “Cell Cycle And Cell Division-Quick Revision”

1 Biomicromolecules and biomacromolecules 1. Biomicromolecules are small-sized simple chemicals that have a low molecular weight, higher solubility and simple conformation.2. They may be organic or inorganic and include minerals, sugars, amino acids and nucleotides.3. Biomacromolecules are large-sized complex chemicals that have high molecular weight, low solubility and complex configuration.They belong to carbohydrates, lipids, proteinsContinue reading “Biomolecules-Quick Revision”

1 Cell membrane Characteristics1. Outermost in animal cell and lies next to cell wall in plant cell.2. Possesses fine pores.3. Semipermeable membrane made up of lipoproteins. Functions1. Separates contents of cell from its surroundings.2. Regulates the entry of certain solutes and ions.3. Maintains shape of the cell in animal cell. 2 Cytoplasm Characteristics1. Contains aContinue reading “Cell : The Unit Of Life-Quick Revision”

1 Epithelial tissue 1. Epithelial tissues act as a barrier to keep the different body systems separate. 2. It forms a lining all over the body of the organism and protects the inner lying parts. 2 Glandular epithelium 1. Epithelial tissue folds inward to form a multicellular gland. This structure is called the glandular epithelium.2. Its function is to secreteContinue reading “Structural Organization In Animals-Quick Revision”

1 Meristematic tissue 2 Types of meristematic tissue Classification based on origin and development. Classification on basis of position. Classification on basis of function. Classification on basis of plane of divisions. 3 Complex permanent tissue (conducting tissue) – Xylem The complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells, which coordinate to perform a commonContinue reading “Anatomy-of-flowering-plants-Quick Revision”

1 Stem and its Functions 1. A stem is an integral part of the shoot system of a flowering plant.2. It helps in the conduction of water from the soil to different parts of the body.3. It has conducting tissue that helps in the transportation of water to different parts of the plant.4. It supportsContinue reading “Morphology Of Flowering Plants-Quick Revision”

1 Kingdom Animalia 1. Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic organisms.2. They have multiple cells with mitochondria and they depend on other organisms for food.3. Habitat – Most of the animals inhabit seas, fewer are seen in fresh water and even fewer on land.4. Animal bodies – Bodies of animals are made of cells organizedContinue reading “Animal Kingdom-Quick Revision”

1 Division – Thallophyta 1. Most primitive and the largest division of Cryptogams. 2. Plant body is not differentiated into roots, stem and leaves and such a plant body is termed as thallus. 3. Unicellular or multicellular and autotrophic nutrition.4. For example, Ulothrix, Cladophora, Chara, Spirogyra, Ulva. 2 General characteristics of Bryophyta 1. The plant body is a gametophyte. TheyContinue reading “Plant Kingdom-Quick Revision”